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41.
胆汁淤积性肝病是指由各种原因导致胆汁形成、分泌、排泄异常,从而引起肝脏发生病变。目前,治疗胆汁淤积性肝病的药物主要为熊去氧胆酸(UDCA),但近一半的患者对UDCA应答不充分或不耐受。这部分患者仅有奥贝胆酸(OCA)可用。随着近几年胆汁淤积性肝病的发病率明显上升,急需新型有效的治疗药物。临床研究表明,FXR激动剂、PPAR-α/γ激动剂和ASBT抑制剂能够有效改善胆汁淤积,有望成为新型胆汁淤积性肝病的临床治疗药物。针对以上靶点,对近几年较有前景的胆汁淤积性肝病治疗药物临床研究进展进行了综述,为此类药物的研究提供参考。 相似文献
42.
Yicheng Fan Yuanshi Liu Kun Zhang Qingguo Feng Hongyu San 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):3232-3237
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a promising thermally induced phase transition material because of the abrupt changes in electrical and optical properties. However, the high phase transition temperature of VO2 and its unspecified modulation relationship need to be resolved urgently. Herein, we proposed a simple and precise regulation criterion for VO2 materials based on size-dependent lattice distortion rate and Born theory. The results indicated that the application of a tensile stress changed the elastic properties of the VO2, which promoted VO2 phase transition, and regulated the phase transition temperature. Moreover, the specific modulation relationship between the stress and phase transition temperature of VO2 was confirmed experimentally. These results show that our criterion provides theoretical guidance to regulate VO2 thermally induced phase transition materials. 相似文献
43.
Yusong Tu Pei Li Jiajia Sun Jie Jiang Fangfang Dai Chengzhang Li Yuanyan Wu Liang Chen Guosheng Shi Yanwen Tan Haiping Fang 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(13):2008018
Despite long-term efforts for exploring antibacterial agents or drugs, potentiating antibacterial activity and meanwhile minimizing toxicity to the environment remains a challenge. Here, it is experimentally shown that the functionality of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through copper ions displays selective antibacterial activity that is significantly stronger than that of rGO itself and no toxicity to mammalian cells. Remarkably, this antibacterial activity is two-orders-of-magnitude greater than the activity of its surrounding copper ions. It is demonstrated that rGO is functionalized through the cation–π interaction to massively adsorb copper ions to form a rGO–copper composite and result in an extremely low concentration level of surrounding copper ions (less than ≈0.5 µm ). These copper ions on rGO are positively charged and strongly interact with negatively charged bacterial cells to selectively achieve antibacterial activity, while rGO exhibits the functionality to not only actuate rapid delivery of copper ions and massive assembly onto bacterial cells but also result in the valence shift in the copper ions from Cu2+ into Cu+, which greatly enhances the antibacterial activity. Notably, this rGO functionality through cation–π interaction with copper ions can similarly achieve algaecidal activity but does not exert cytotoxicity against neutrally charged mammalian cells. 相似文献
44.
星地一体化网络是卫星网络和地面网络互联,实现卫星网络和地面网络优势互补的一体化网络。随着无线通信的快速发展,卫星网络和地面网络的同频复用技术可有效提升资源利用效率,满足日益增长的无线数据业务需求。但由于无线数据业务类型的多样化和频谱资源的稀缺性,如何实现用户数据服务的服务体验质量(Quality of experience, QoE)和公平性提升也成为星地一体化网络亟待解决的关键问题。本文综合考虑信道时变性、服务体验多样性和服务公平性,提出了一种基于QoE感知的星地一体化网络资源分配策略。为此,将目标问题描述为基于时间平均的服务体验质量的网络公平效用最大化,并利用李雅普诺夫优化理论,将复杂的动态原始优化问题进一步转化并分解为3个瞬时优化子问题,每个子问题可以在每个时隙独立求解。同时,由于无线资源分配为典型的非凹混合组合优化问题,推导了一个低复杂度的两步算法来求解第三个资源分配子问题。仿真结果揭示了在不同的公平性参数下用户的长时QoE与公平性之间的折衷情况。 相似文献
45.
Saray Tabak Sofia Schreiber-Avissar Elie Beit-Yannai 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic neurodegenerative disease that damages the trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, inducing apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC), deteriorating the optic nerve head, and leading to blindness. Aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation contribute to disease progression. Nevertheless, despite the existence of pharmacological and surgical treatments, there is room for the development of additional treatment approaches. The following review is aimed at investigating the role of different microRNAs (miRNAs) in the expression of genes and proteins involved in the regulation of inflammatory and degenerative processes, focusing on the delicate balance of synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) regulated by chronic oxidative stress in POAG related tissues. The neutralizing activity of a couple of miRNAs was described, suggesting effective downregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), Wnt/β-Catenin, and PI3K/AKT. In addition, with regards to the elevated IOP in many POAG patients due to increased outflow resistance, Collagen type I degradation was stimulated by some miRNAs and prevented ECM deposition in TM cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress was suppressed following exposure to different miRNAs. In contrast, increased oxidative damage by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway was described as part of the action of selected miRNAs. Summarizing, specific miRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets for lowering or preventing oxidative stress injury in POAG patients. 相似文献
46.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(24):34695-34703
Li4x/3Zn2–2xTi1+2x/3O4 microwave dielectric ceramics with a spinel phase were prepared via a high-temperature solid-phase method. P–V–L theory, vibration spectra, and XPS were utilized to establish the links between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors and the microwave dielectric properties. According to the characterization, the change in permittivity (εr) was ascribed to the increase in the average bond ionicity of Ti–O(AfiTi-O) and the polar mode of the lattice vibration; the change in quality factor(Q × f) resulted from the change in the Ti–O lattice energy (AUTi-O) and existence of oxygen vacancy; the increase in temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency (τf) was triggered by the increase in the Ti–O bond energy. The Li0.6Zn1.1Ti1.3O4 ceramics (x = 0.45) sintered at 1125 °C finally obtained optimal microwave dielectric constants of εr = 17.3, Q × f = 76,318 GHz and τf = -58 ppm/°C. 相似文献
47.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(10):14349-14359
The influence of heat-treatment temperatures (700 °C, 900°C, 1200 °C) on the phase, physical properties, crystallization rate, and in vitro properties of the solution combustion synthesized silicon-doped calcium phosphates (CaPs) were investigated. The thermodynamic aspects (enthalpy, entropy, and free energy) of the synthesis process and the crystallographic properties of the final samples were first predicted and then confirmed using density functional theory (DFT). Results demonstrated that the crystallization rate was controlled by the fuel(s) type (glycine, citric acid, and urea) and the amounts of Si4+ ions (0, 0.1, 0.4 mol). The highest calculated crystallization rate values of the un-doped, 0.1, and 0.4 mol Si-doped samples were 64%, 22%, 38%, respectively. The obtained results from the DFT simulation revealed that crystal growth in the direction of c-axis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) structure could change the stability of (001) surface of (HAp). Also, the computational data confirmed the adsorption of Si–OH groups on the (001) surface of HAp during the SCS process with an adsorption energy of 1.53 eV. AFM results in line with DFT simulation showed that the observed change in the surface roughness of Si-doped CaPs from 2 to 8 nm could be related to the doping of Si4+ ions onto the surface of CaPs. Besides, the theoretical and experimental investigation showed that crystal growth and doping of Si4+ ions could decrease the activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, the results showed that the crystallized HAp structure could have great potential to efficiently reduce oxidative stress in human body. 相似文献
48.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(14):20096-20101
A series of Mn2+-doped Mg1-xMnxTa2O6 (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12) ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The influence of introducing Mn–O bonds as a partial replacement for Mg–O bonds on the lattice and microwave dielectric properties was systematically investigated. XRD and Rietveld refinement confirm that Mn2+ occupies the 2a Wyckoff position and forms a pure trirutile phase. Moreover, based on the chemical bond theory, the dielectric constant is mainly affected by the ionicity of the Ta–O bond. The lattice and dielectric properties remain relatively stable with Mn2+ doping below 0.1, but excessive Mn2+ doping leads to pronounced distortion of the lattice, which is not beneficial for lattice stability and microwave dielectric properties. Introducing an appropriate amount of Mn–O bonds with high bond dissociation energy facilitates MgO6 octahedron stability, which improves the thermal stability of the lattice. Accordingly, the microwave dielectric properties for 0.06 Mn2+-doped MgTa2O6 ceramics were determined: εr = 28, Q × f = 105,000 GHz (at 7.5 GHz), τf = 19.5 ppm/°C. 相似文献
49.
针对100 mm超厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头,采用慢应变速率拉伸方法评价接头在人造海水中的应力腐蚀敏感性,分析接头的显微组织和断口形貌,对接头的腐蚀机制进行研究. 结果表明,室温条件下应变速率为ε=1×10-6 s-1时,母材在海水中未表现出应力腐蚀敏感性;焊缝上部、中部和下部具有轻微应力腐蚀敏感性. 焊缝在海水中发生阳极溶解,产生氢吸附,导致裂纹的萌生. 同时氢扩散诱导α'相界及α'相内发生位错塞积,进而使裂纹在更低的应力水平下发生扩展. 相似文献
50.
Jordana Cox 《Review of Communication》2019,19(2):127-146
ABSTRACTIn response to the latest “crisis” in the humanities, advocates have marched, rallied, fundraised, and—especially—argued. This essay contends that communication scholars can support the growing “case for the humanities” by analyzing argumentative strategies, and more specifically, by offering ethical argumentative strategies that avoid replicating structures of domination. In particular, we look to Mari Lee Mifsud's theorization of rhetoric as gift, which follows Henry W. Johnstone in conceptualizing argument as something other than winning over an adversary. We place Mifsud's theorization of the gift in conversation with the methods of the digital public humanities (DPH), which acknowledge and offer abundant resources for meaning-making. Through the methods of DPH, we offer a response to the humanities “crisis” that activates the humanities’ already broad constituencies by giving resources for humanistic inquiry rather than seeking to capture adversaries. Our case study is Photogrammar, a DPH project for organizing, searching, and visualizing the New Deal and World War II era photographs funded by the U.S. federal government. The project forefronts visual, nonlinear, and interactive argumentation in order to engage publics in generative humanistic inquiry. By enlisting participants and sharing expertise, Photogrammar shows how humanities advocates can deepen attachments to the humanities and build broad constituencies of collaborators and allies. 相似文献